A Dolls House Character Study Mrs. Kristine Linde

Of all the characters in Ibsens classic drama A Doll’s House, Mrs. Kristine Linde serves as the most functional in terms of plot development. It is as though Henrik Ibsen was writing Act One and wondering, â€Å"How will I let the audience know the inner thoughts of my protagonist? I know! I’ll introduce an old friend, and Nora Helmer can then reveal everything!†Ã‚  Because of her function, any actress playing the role of Mrs. Linde will be doing a great deal of attentive listening. At times, Mrs. Linde functions as a convenient device for exposition. She enters Act One as an almost forgotten friend, a lonely widow seeking a job from Nora’s husband. Nora does not spend much time listening to Mrs. Linde’s troubles; rather selfishly, Nora discusses how excited she is about Torvald Helmer’s recent success. Mrs. Linde says to Nora, â€Å"You haven’t known much trouble or hardship in your own life.† Nora tosses her head defiantly and struts to the other side of the room. Then, she launches into a dramatic explanation of all her secret activities (obtaining a loan, saving Torvald’s life, paying off her debt). Mrs. Linde is more than a sounding board; she offers opinions about Nora’s questionable actions. She warns Nora of her flirtation with Dr. Rank. She also raises questions about Nora’s lengthy speeches. Changing the Outcome of the Story In Act Three, Mrs. Linde becomes more pivotal. It turns out that she long ago had a romantic tryst with Nils Krogstad, the man attempting to blackmail Nora. She rekindles their relationship and inspires Krogstad to amend his wicked ways. It could be argued that this happy coincidence is not terribly realistic. However, Ibsen’s third act is not about Nora’s conflict with Krogstad. It is about the dismantling of illusions between a husband and wife. Therefore, Mrs. Linde conveniently removes Krogstad from the role of villain. Yet, she still decides to meddle. She insists that â€Å"Helmer must know everything. This unhappy secret must come out!† Even though she has the power to change Krogstad’s mind, she uses her influence to make certain that Nora’s secret is discovered. Ideas for Discussion When teachers discuss Mrs. Linde in class, it is interesting to gauge the students’ reactions to Mrs. Linde. Many believe that she should mind her own business, while others feel that a true friend will intervene in the same way Mrs. Linde does. Despite some of the perfunctory qualities of Mrs. Linde, she does provide a striking thematic contrast. Many view Ibsen’s play as an assault on the traditional institution of marriage. Yet, in Act Three Mrs. Linde happily celebrates her return to domesticity: Mrs. Linde: (Tidies the room a little and gets her hat and coat ready.) How things changes! How things change! Somebody to work for†¦ to live for. A home to bring happiness into. Just let me get down to it. Notice how, ever the caretaker, she cleans up while daydreaming about her new life as Krogstad’s wife. She is ecstatic about her newly revived love. In the end, perhaps Mrs. Kristine Linde balances Nora’s impetuous and ultimately independent nature.

Helping Mother By Shundalya Robinson - 834 Words

Helping Mother by: Shundalya Robinson Liyah has been living with her mother a very long time. She and her mother had been living in the country inside a trailer. They had been struggling buying food, paying the bills, and buying things for the house. Liyah wants to get a job and help her mother out. 1 month later, Liyah had gotten a job at Wild Aventures to help her mother out. Liyah. Liyah is 16 years old now; she go to school at Valdosta High School , and her best friend name is Jahmiya. They have been friends for 6 years now. â€Å" Liyah is at school gettting her work did , and heading to work at 3:00†. â€Å" Tick, Tick,Tick,Tick, the clock went ,ring, ring the bell went â€Å". She ran out of school and went straight to work. Liyah is a lifeguard ( save people out of water when they are drowning). Liyah gets paid tomorrow and she’s gonna give her mother her pay check to help out with some bills and stuff. â€Å" After work Liyah met with her best friend Jahmiyaâ€Å". â€Å" I miss you bestfriend , said Jahmiya†. â€Å" I miss you more best friend said Liyah†. â€Å" ughh I have so much to tell you , said Liyah†. â€Å" okay go , said Jahmiya†. â€Å" okay best friend you know how my mother has been struggling; well not anymore because i got a job at Wild Aventures , and im giving her my whole pay check everytime i get paid ,so what u think? â€Å" Jahmiya commentary on that , and said something that

The Civil Service Reform Act - 1446 Words

This paper explains the history of federal employee labor relations and the personnel system, along with an analysis of the most recent developments in the Civil Service Reform Act. The first section of the paper explain the importance of the civil services reform and how the ideology, electoral competition and political power gain forces political parties to make changes in policies and introduced reforms. In the next section I shed some light on early reform of 19th century in the United States. With the help of the 1996 Georgia Statues, I explain the radical civil services reforms, union busting and at will employment and highlights how â€Å"radical† civil service reform swept the United States and increase the number of at-will employees. Furthermore, the paper also signifies the merit system and ongoing challenges in civil services reform since the founding of the United States. In last section the paper give some reflection on current civil services condition and spe culate about the future of civil services reforms. Introduction: Governments across the United States have made several reforms in the civil services due to change in political and fiscal circumstances. Typically those reforms are in awake of the social, political and economic trends with in the government and its affiliated agencies. Nobody can deny the importance of the bureaucratic system and the work they perform on all level of the society. For the same reasons this bureaucratic system has deepShow MoreRelatedEssay about George Washington Plunkitt of Tammany Hall720 Words   |  3 Pagesto help the Tammany supporters. Plunkitts main complaint was against civil service examinations, but in his talks he also instructed young men how to be successful in politics by examining human nature and doing as e had done. The curse of civil service reform to George W. 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International Finance Strategies and Competitive

Question: Discuss about the International Finance for Strategies and Competitive. Answer: Introduction: In the given case, Pomo Ltd expects to receive payment of S$800000.00 in one-year time. The one-year forward rate is $0.76. The forward contract hedge is calculated by multiplying the forward rates with the currency receivable. Calculation of Forward Contract hedge Particulars Amount Payment receivable (Singapore $) $ 800,000.00 Forward Rate $ 0.76 Forward contract hedge $ 608,000.00 Table 1: Forward Contract hedge (Source: Created by Author) Money market Hedge The money market hedge is a three-step process. The first step is that the company will take a loan from a bank in Singapore at the interest rate of 7% per annum. The maximum amount of loan that the US Company can borrow from a bank in Singapore is S$747664. The calculations are given below: Calculation of Maximum loan amount (Singapore dollar) Particulars Amount Payment receivable $ 800,000.00 Interest rate 7% Maximum Loan Amount $ 747,664 Table 2: Maximum loan Amount (Source: created by Author) The second step is to convert the loan amount from Singapore currency to American currency at the spot rate of $0.74. The loan amount comes to $553271. The calculation is given below: Calculation showing conversion of loan to US dollar Particulars Amount Loan Amount $ 747,664 Spot Rate $ 0.74 Loan Amount in US dollar $ 553,271 Table 3: Conversion of Loan (Source: Created by Author) The third step is to deposit the amount in bank for earning interest at the rate of 9%. If the amount is remained invested in American bank for one year, the total amount received is $603605.00. Calculation of Amount Receivable at the end of one year Particulars Amount Deposited Amount $ 553,271 Interest rate 9% Interest Amount $ 49,794 Total Amount received $ 603,065 Table 4: Amount received (Source: created by Author) The customer in Singapore settles the loan amount at the end of one-year period. The total cash inflow from the money market hedge is $603065.00. The exercise price of put option is US$0.77 and the premium payable for put option is $0.04. The put option hedge is $584000.00. The calculation is give below: Calculation of Put Option Hedge Particulars Amount Payment receivable (Singapore amount) $ 800,000.00 Exercise price $ 0.77 Option premium $ 0.04 Net receivable (US) $ 0.73 Amount receivable (US) $ 584,000.00 Table 5: Put option hedge (Source: Created by Author) In foreign currency, transaction there is a risk of foreign exchange fluctuation that might cause loss. In such a situation, the company has two options either to undertake hedging or not to hedge the position (Bartram et al., 2013). If the company does not hedge its position then it will have to receive payment based on the future spot. The statement showing probability and the amount that is receivable to the company with no hedge position is given below: Amount receivable in no hedge position Probability Future Spot Rate Amount Receivable (Singapore) Amount Receivable (America) 20% 0.75 $ 800,000.00 $ 600,000.00 30% 0.77 $ 800,000.00 $ 616,000.00 50% 0.81 $ 800,000.00 $ 648,000.00 Table 6: Amount receivable no hedge position (Source: Created by Author) The above table shows that there is huge fluctuation in receivable. In order to reduce the risk it is important to hedge the position. The optimal hedge is that which reduces the loss. The best hedging strategy is selected based on the cash flow received. The cash inflow in forward contract hedge is $608000.00, in money market hedge, the cash inflow is $603065.00 and in put option hedge, the cash inflow is $584000.00. As the inflow of cash in the forward contract hedge is maximum so this hedging strategy should be selected. Profit/ (Notional loss) on Hedge Particular Probability 20% Probability 50% Probability 30% Forward Contract Hedge $ 608,000.00 $ 608000 $ 608000 Amount Receivable (America) $ 600,000.00 $ 616,000.00 $ 648,000.00 Profit/(Notional loss) $ 8,000.00 $ (8,000.00) $ (40,000.00) Table 7: Profit/ (Notional loss) on Hedge (Source: Created by Author) The table shows that the there is a 20% probability that hedging will save the company $80000.00. There is a 50% probability that the amount received is $608000.00 so there is a notional loss of $8000.00. There is a 30% probability that the amount received is $648000.00 so there is a notional loss of $40000.00 if the company opts for hedging. The Multi National Companies as Pomo Limited does hedging in order to reduce or limit the losses arising from international transactions involving foreign exchange. The Multinational Corporations has operations in different countries but the currency of different countries does not move in the same trend at the same time. In order to mitigate this risk the MNC usually applies hedging strategies (Dong et al., 2014). The hedging strategies are used as an operational or financial risk management strategy. The success of hedging strategies can be assessed after determining the effect it has on the objective of mitigating risk and increasing the value of the shareholders (Kroencke et al., 2014). In the hypothesis developed by Modigliani and Miller in 1958, it was established that financial policies of the company does not have any impact on the value of the company. The theory also found that if the financial market is efficient then the hedging activity does not increase the value of the company. On the other hand, if some the hypotheses are relaxed then it is possible to show that the hedging increases the value of the firm. The companies risk management has developed many theories and one of them is optimal hedging theories (Stulz, 2013). The over hedging is a term used if a position is hedged to such an extent that it ceases to be profitable. On the basis of the above discussion it can be seen that as per the Modigliani and Miller Theorem hedging does not influence the value of the firm further and the over hedging defeats the very purpose of entering into the transaction. Therefore, it can be concluded that over hedging can negatively influence the financial position of the company so it should be avoided (Mancini et al., 2013). Reference Bartram, S. M., Burns, N., Helwege, J. (2013). Foreign currency exposure and hedging: Evidence from foreign acquisitions.The Quarterly Journal of Finance,3(02), 1350010. Dong, L., Kouvelis, P., Su, P. (2014). Operational hedging strategies and competitive exposure to exchange rates.International Journal of Production Economics,153, 215-229. Kroencke, T. A., Schindler, F., Schrimpf, A. (2014). International diversification benefits with foreign exchange investment styles.Review of Finance,18(5), 1847-1883. Mancini, L., Ranaldo, A., Wrampelmeyer, J. (2013). Liquidity in the foreign exchange market: Measurement, commonality, and risk premiums.The Journal of Finance,68(5), 1805-1841. Stulz, R. M. (2013). How companies can use hedging to create shareholder value.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,25(4), 21-29.